نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی،تهران،ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی تاریخ ، واحد تهران مرکز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران ، ایبران
چکیده
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Architecture in any civilization reveals the manifestations of that civilization, and is
seriously engaged with point of views, social conditions, societies growths, and growth
of arts of any nation. This article focuses on architectural review of Achaemenian &
Sassanids eras and introduces the architectural styles in these periods with benefitting
from existing sources, and then, compares them.Palaces, castles and military
fortifications, religious buildings, tombs, petroglyphs, inscriptions, and other existing
traces reveal that architecture indicates religious, economic, and cultural values and
imperial greatness and strength. Achaemenes in architecture likewise politics acted on
struggling for organizing and stimulating of a great number of different tribes, races,
and cultures.Achaemenid architecture was independent in design and principles and is
considered as Persian style. With the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and dominance of
Greeks and then the rise of the Parthians, the architectural style was replaced with the
Parthian style that was different from that of Persian style in design, elements,
decorations, Performance and even materials. Although the new style formed the basis
of modern architecture of Sassanid era, due to the variety of designs and elements used
in the style, and also due to the lots of adaptations from the architecture of different
regions, it was rather a transitional stage and a series of experiences in which the
influence of Achaemenid architecture is obvious. After the Parthians and their low level
Greek style, Iran's ancient civilization was again active in the country. Due to the little
impact of Parthian architectural style on Sassanid architecture, we have ignored that of
Parthians, and have discussed Sassanid architecture.With due attention to the extent of
Achaemenian & Sassanids kingdoms and existence of different cultures and nations,
varieties on architectural styles of these two periods are obvious.In constructing of
various buildings, Sassanids in addition to this point that they were inspired from
former periods, they took steps on growth and development of architecture and paid
attention to the style and architecture of buildings and palaces as well as materials and
decorations used in those buildings that are considered in this article.
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